giovedì 23 agosto 2012

Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr


Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr , photographed here by Paul Ehrenfest. The image was taken at the home of Ehrenfest in Leiden, for the 50th anniversary of the doctorate of Hendrik Lorentz, December 11, 1925.
Einstein's famous remark: "sinist
er action at a distance" has become almost a synonym to describe one of the most famous moments in the history of contemporary physics, namely, his battle with Bohr in the '30s, about the completeness of quantum mechanics. The "arms" of Einstein in this battle of the experiments were designed to emphasize conceptual who had what he believed were the inadequacies of the new theory. The most famous of these was the EPR Paradox, announced in 1935, and baptized with the names of its inventors: Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen.
the paradox involved a pair of particles linked together by the strange quantum property of entanglement (a word in-law much later). Entanglement occurs when two particles are so closely connected that share the same existence. In the language of quantum mechanics, are described by the same mathematical relationship, known as a function of wavelength.
The entanglement naturally arises when two particles are created at the same point in space at the same time. These can then be separated also greatly in space, but despite this, the mathematical calculations imply that a measurement on one of the particles immediately affect the other, regardless of the distance separating the two. Einstein and co. they indicate that according to special relativity, this was impossible, and therefore quantum mechanics must be wrong, or at least incomplete. This phenomenon was called by Einstein's "spooky action at a distance" that is a sinister or spooky action at a distance.

The EPR paradox was remarkable that Bohr was puzzled and could not find a solution. The paradox was resolved in 1964, long after Einstein's death. A fix was the physicist John Bell of CERN, I think that entanglement as an entirely new phenomenon that I call him "not local".

The basic idea here is to think about the transfer of information. Entanglement allows a particle instantaneously affecting another, but not in a way that allows information to travel faster than the classical light. This resolves the paradox with special relativity, but left intact much of the mystery. Today, the curious nature of entanglement is a subject of intense experiments in laboratories around the globe.

This is a bit 'of recorded history, but according to Hrvoje Nickoli, the Rudjer Boskovic Institute in Croatia, is not the complete story. Today, he managed to reveal that even if the story speaks for the first time for this paradox in 1935, Einstein had stumbled unwittingly into the same paradox much earlier, in 1930.

At that time, was working on yet another paradox, which then presented to the Solvay Conference in Brussels in 1930. This issue focused on the Heisenberg uncertainty relation between energy and time, so you can not measure both of these values with high accuracy.
 — con Kailas Chavan e Prashant Saroj.

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